|
|
时态、语态及主谓一致 [真题再现]
(注：本练习中将全国各地高考题中的选择题改编成了填空题。)
使用适当的词或所给词的正确形式填空：
1. （2010安徽28）—Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
—No, I (read) the book, so I already knew the story
2. （2010安徽34）—We’ve spent too much money recently．
—Well, it isn’t surprising．Our friends and relatives (come) around all the time
3. （2010北京）22．In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the
words (drop).
4.（2010北京）24．--I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
--But our friends (wait)for us.
5.（2010北京）26．--I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you．Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
--Sorry, I (not make) myself clear．We want to return on October 20.
6. （2010北京）28．It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __ (do)for me.
7.（2010湖南）24．This coastal area (name) a national wildlife reserve last year.
8．（2010湖南）27．I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone (do) it．Was it you?
9.（2010湖南）31．I walked slowly through the market, where people (sell) all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
10.（2010湖南）34．I'm tired out．I (shop) all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
11.（2010江苏）23．—Why, Jack, you look so tired!
---Well, I _____ (paint) the house and I must finish the work tomorrow．
12.（2010江苏）30．---Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
----We________ (be) busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves．
13.（2010江苏）33．---Is everyone here?
---Not yet……Look , there_______ (come) the rest of our guests!
14.（2010江西）30．Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she (shoulder) since her marriage to Father.
15.（2010辽宁）24．Joseph ______(go) to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian．
16.（2010辽宁）30．I _______ (do) all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
17.（2010全国Ⅱ）9．Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women who ____ (wear) evening dress．
18.（2010全国Ⅱ）15．Linda ，make sure the tables ____ (set) before the guests arrive．
A．be set B．set C．are set D．are setting
19.（2010全国Ⅱ）19．Excuse me．I (not realize)I was blocking your way．
20.（2010全国新课标）21．—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No , I ______ (do) my homework all day yesterday．
21.（2010全国新课标）28．When you are home , give a call to let me know you ______ (arrive) safely．
22.（2010山东）30．Up to now, the program ________ (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died．
23.（2010陕西）21．I have to see the doctor because I (cough) a lot lately．
24.（2010陕西）24．It is reported that many a new house (build) at present in the disaster area．
25.（2010上海）28．Every few years, the coal workers (have) their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
26.（2010上海）31．The church tower which (restore) now will be open to tourists soon．The work is almost finished.
27. (2010四川）18．You’ve failed to do what you (expect) to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you．
28.（2010天津）4．We _______(work) on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
29.（2010浙江）5．If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _______(eat) fresh watermelon in the fall．
30.（2010浙江）15．For many years, people _______ (dream) of electric cars．However, making them has been more difficult than predicted．
31.（2010重庆）24．The book has been translated into thirty languages since it (come) on the market in 1973.
32.（2010重庆）29．The palace caught fire three times in the last century , and little of the original building ________ (remain) now . 33.（2010重庆）31．—Why do you want to work for our company?
—This is the job that I (look) for.
34. (2010福建，27)28．Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they (promise) before leaving their hometowns.
35. (2010福建，27)31．—Guess what ,we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How mice! you (experience) a different culture then.
[真题再现]
1. have read; 2. have been coming; 3. are dropped; 4. are waiting; 5. haven’t made; 6. had done; 7. was named; 8. had done; 9. were selling; 10. have been shopping; 11. have been painting; 12. had been; 13. come; 14. has been shouldering; 15. has been going 16. do; 17. wears; 18. are set; 19.didn’t realize; 20. was doing 21. have arrived; 22. has saved; 23. have been coughing; 24. is being built; 25. have; 26. is being restored; 27. were expected; 28. have been working; 29. will be eating; 30. have dreamed/dreamt 31. came; 32. remains; 33. have been looking; 34. have been promised; 35.will be experiencing.
[考点归纳]
1． 做语法填空题时，当我们分析句子结构发现空格处缺少谓语时，要注意时态、语态和主谓一致和语气四个方面的问题。（注意：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气也反映在谓语部分，但语气不是考查的重点。）
2． 动词作谓语时，要用各种不同的形式来表达动作发生的时间和所处的状态，这就是我们所说的时态。动作发生的时间有四个，即四个“时”：现在、过去、将来、过去将来。每个“时”里根据动作所处的状态又分为四个不同的“态”，即：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。时和态的结合构成十六种时态，如下表（以动词do为例），其中黑体部分为《考试大纲》要求掌握的时态，注意掌握各种时态的意义和用法。
[table=medium][tr][td=1,1,43] [/td][td=1,1,120]一般 [/td][td=1,1,132]进行 [/td][td=1,1,120]完成 [/td][td=1,1,153]完成进行 [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,43]现 在 [/td][td=1,1,120]do does [/td][td=1,1,132]am doing is doing are doing [/td][td=1,1,120]have done has done [/td][td=1,1,153]have been doing has been doing [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,43]过 去 [/td][td=1,1,120]did [/td][td=1,1,132]was doing were doing [/td][td=1,1,120]had done [/td][td=1,1,153]had been doing [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,43]将 来 [/td][td=1,1,120]shall do will do [/td][td=1,1,132]shall be doing will be doing [/td][td=1,1,120]shall have done will have done [/td][td=1,1,153]shall have been doing will have been doing [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,43]过 去 将 来 [/td][td=1,1,120]should do would do [/td][td=1,1,132]should be doing would be doing [/td][td=1,1,120]should have done would have done [/td][td=1,1,153]should have been doing would have been doing [/td][/tr][/table]
3． 谓语动词的语态用来说明主语和谓语动作的关系。当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，称之为主动语态；当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时称之为被动语态。下表(以动词make为例)有助于掌握各种时态动词的被动语态形式：
[table=medium][tr][td=1,1,43] [/td][td=1,1,156]一般 [/td][td=1,1,144]进行 [/td][td=1,1,192]完成 [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,43]现 在 [/td][td=1,1,156]am/is/are made [/td][td=1,1,144]am/is/are being made [/td][td=1,1,192]have/has been made [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,43]过 去 [/td][td=1,1,156]was/were made [/td][td=1,1,144]was/were being made [/td][td=1,1,192]had been done [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,43]将 来 [/td][td=1,1,156]shall/will be done [/td][td=1,1,144]/ [/td][td=1,1,192]shall/will have been done [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,43]过去 将来 [/td][td=1,1,156]should/would be made [/td][td=1,1,144]/ [/td][td=1,1,192]/ [/td][/tr][/table]4． 注意掌握主动形式表示被动意义的几种常见的情况。
5． 谓语动词要与主语保持人称与数的一致。要学会有效利用语法一致、意义一致、就近一致的原则，正确判断谓语动词的单复数形式。
|
